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Intermediate period · c. 2200–2040 BC
First Intermediate Period
- Dates
- c. 2200–2040 BC
- Dynasties
- 7th to 10th and early 11th Dynasties
- Capital
- Memphis, Herakleopolis, Thebes
- In the directory
- 30 entries
Central authority collapses. Nomarchs rule their provinces largely independently. Later the royal houses of Herakleopolis in the north and Thebes in the south struggle for supremacy.
Achievements and events
- c. 2180 BC8th Dynasty: many short-reigning kings at Memphis, most of them known only from king lists.
- c. 2140 BCHerakleopolis (9th/10th Dynasties) and Thebes (11th Dynasty) fight for control of the country.
- c. 2100 BCCoffin Texts: spells for the afterlife, once reserved for the king, now also appear on the coffins of officials.
- c. 2080 BCThe ‘Teaching for King Merikare’ presents itself as the advice of a king of this period to his son, a classic of Egyptian wisdom literature.
All rulers of the period
8th Dynasty
- Netjerkare
- Menkare
- Neferkare
- Neferkare Neby
- Djedkare Shemai
- Neferkare Khendu
- Merenhor
- Neferkamin
- Nikare I (Ni-ka-Re)
- Neferkahor
- Neferkare Pepiseneb
- Neferkamin Anu
- Ibi
- Neferkaure
- Neferkauhor Khuwihapi
- Neferirkare II (Nefer-ir-ka-Re)
- Sekhemkare (Ankhkare)
- Wadjkare
- Iti
- Imhotep
- Hotep
- Khui
- Isu
- Iytjenu