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Intermediate period · c. 1780–1550 BC
Second Intermediate Period
- Dates
- c. 1780–1550 BC
- Dynasties
- 13th to 17th Dynasties
- Capital
- Itjtawy, Avaris (Hyksos), Thebes
- In the directory
- 116 entries
Many kings in quick succession weaken the realm. Immigrants from Western Asia, the Hyksos (‘rulers of foreign lands’), take power in the north, while a separate royal house rules in Thebes.
Achievements and events
- from c. 1760 BC13th Dynasty: more than 60 kings, most with short reigns; the administration nevertheless carries on.
- c. 1650 BCThe Hyksos of the 15th Dynasty rule from Avaris in the eastern Nile Delta.
- during this periodThe horse and chariot become established in Egypt and transform warfare.
- Year 33 of ApepiRhind Papyrus: a scribe copies a mathematical textbook from the time of Amenemhat III containing 84 problems.
- c. 1545 BCThe Theban kings Seqenenre Tao and Kamose begin the war of liberation against the Hyksos; Seqenenre falls in battle.
All rulers of the period
13th Dynasty
- Wegafc. 1759–1757 BC
- Amenemhat Vc. 1750 BC
- Sekhemrekhutawyc. 1752–1746 BC
- Ameny Qemau
- Sehetepibrec. 1743/42 BC
- Iufni (Efni)c. 1741 BC
- Amenemhat VIc. 1740 BC
- Nebnuni (Nebennu)c. 1739 BC
- Hotepibrec. 1738 BC
- Sewadjkarec. 1737 BC
- Nedjemibrec. 1736 BC
- Sobekhotepc. 1735 BC
- Renseneb Amenemhat
- Hor Ic. 1732 BC
- Amenemhat VII Kayc. 1731–1724 BC
- Sobekhotep IIc. 1724–1718 BC
- Khendjerc. 1718–1712 BC
- Imyremeshaw (Mermesha)c. 1711 BC
- Intef IVc. 1710 BC
- Sethc. 1709 BC
- Sobekhotep IIIc. 1708–1705 BC
- Neferhotep Ic. 1705–1694 BC
- Sihathorc. 1694 BC
- Sobekhotep IVc. 1694–1685 BC
- Sobekhotep Vc. 1685–1680 BC
- Ibiauc. 1680–1670 BC
- Ay I (Aya I)c. 1669–1659 BC
- Sobekhotep VIc. 1656–1654 BC
- Ini
- Sewadjtuc. 1654–1651 BC
- Ined
- Neferhotep IIc. 1651–1648 BC
- Horic. 1647 BC
- Sobekhotep (VII)c. 1646–1644 BC
- Dedumose
- Dedumose
- Ibi II
- Hor II
- Name not preserved
- Senebmiuafter 1640 BC
- Sekhaenreafter 1640 BC
- Merkheperre
- Merkare
- Senusret IV
- Montemsaf
- Neferhotep III
- Mentuhotep V
- Usermontu
- Sobekhotep VIII
- Ini I
- Mentuhotep VI
- Snaaib
- Sobekhotep IX
- Wepwawetemsaf
- Abai
- Aqen
- Sebekay
- Khuiqer
- Seankhptah
- Name not preserved
- Name not preserved
- Pantjeny
- Senebkay
14th Dynasty
All other pharaohs of the 14th Dynasty are known exclusively from the Turin King List. For these, see the list of kings of the 14th Dynasty.
15th Dynasty (Hyksos)
- Salitis (Shalik)c. 1630–1615 BC
- Beonc. 1615–1602 BC
- Apachnasc. 1602–1594 BC
- Khyanc. 1594–1574 BC
- Apepic. 1574–1534 BC
- Khamudi (Khalmudi)c. 1534–1522 BC
16th Dynasty (local petty kings)
- Anat-her (Anathaddi)
- Aperanat (Useranat)
- Semqen
- Sakir-Har
- Apepi II
- Sheshi
- Yaqub-Har (Yaqabhaddu)
- Ya'ammu (Yaam)
- Yakbim (Yakabam)
- Aamu
- Pepi III
- Nebmaatre
- Aahotepre
- Aanetjerire
- Meribre
- Nubankhre
- Nikare II
- Name not preserved
- Name not preserved
- Name not preserved
- Sharek
- Wadjed
- Qareh (Qur)
- Shenes
- Inek
- A…
- Ap…
17th Dynasty
- Rahotepc. 1622–1619 BC
- Sobekemsaf Ic. 1619–1603 BC
- Djehutyc. 1602–1601 BC
- Mentuhotepic. 1601 BC
- Nebiryraw Ic. 1601–1582 BC
- Semenrec. 1582–1580 BC
- Bebiankhc. 1580–1572 BC
- Sobekemsaf IIc. 1572–1570 BC
- Intef Vc. 1570–1560 BC
- Intef VIc. 1560 BC
- Intef VII
- Senakhtenrec. 1550 BC
- Seqenenrec. 1545 BC
- Kamosec. 1545–1539/30 BC
- Heqa-Ptah